Drivetrain Prototyping Results

Link to prototyping photos

Link to prototype BOM

Summary of Final Build

  • Tested with a 12.5lb battery and 5lb weight
  • Wheels driven via a custom-machined, keyed hub on the outer face + a keyless, 3D printed version on the other face to support the shaft
  • Motors connected to wheel shaft via a keyed shaft coupler
    • 5/6 wheels use two keys in the coupler – one in the motor shaft and one in the wheel shaft
    • 1/6 wheels use just one key in the motor shaft. On the wheel shaft, a flat surface was made for the set screw to dig into
  • 1/2" diameter wheel shafts, 3/4" diameter rocker shaft
  • 1/4" thick, MDF belly pan
  • Used bushings on the rocker and bogie joints, used bearings on the wheel shafts
    • Tolerance for the bushings & bearings was+0.003" to its diameter
  • Powered by a 12V battery. Each wheel driven by a CIM motor to a 50:1 ratio

Observations

  • High-stress locations:
    • Connecting plates on the legs. When turning, these pates are getting pushed/pulled as the wheels resist the movement
    • Connection point from the legs/suspension to the chassis. Is constantly twisting about that point during turns
  • Flexing occurs at connection points (i.e. every joint)
  • The further away the motor's centre of gravity is from the suspension's centre of gravity, the more bending occurs at the local joint
  • The differential bar must be kept in position (i.e. no vertical twisting) in order for the chassis position to remain stiff
  • Chassis bounces for on-the-spot turns. Something for EE & Arm team to keep in mind
  • Totally bidirectional. Rocker arm should be the front for going over large obstacles, whereas use bogie for small & frequent obstructions

Design/Assembly Learnings

  • Use interference fit on all bushings and bearings (or whatever specified fit is recommended by the bearing manufacturer)
    • Maybe even clamp in the bearings to prevent them from coming out?
  • Use bearings instead of bushings on suspension joints, as bearings are designed to handle loads
  • Make sure the set screw is digging into a flat surface...
  • Spec for proper torques

Current Sensor Data

  • Rover weight, no load: 41.55 kg + 12.5 lb battery + 5 lb counterweight = 49.52 kg
  • Rover weight, with a 5lb load: 51.79
  • Current sensors have a tolerance of about +/-0.30 A
ConfigurationType of ObstacleMost Frequent Current Drawn by One Motor (A)Max Torque Output Per Wheel (Nm)
Centered mass


Uphill, steep (15 degrees)5.6

~3.6195

  • 0.07239 Nm @  6.551A
  • 0.07239 Nm * 50 = 3.6195 Nm
Uphill, less steep (~5 degrees)4.5

~2.413

  • 0.04826 Nm @  5.267 A
  • 0.04826 Nm * 50 = 2.413 Nm
Uphill, less steep, on an angle5.2

~2.413

Downhill3.5

~1.2065

  • 0.02413 Nm @ 3.984 A
  • 0.02413 Nm * 50 = 1.2065 Nm
Offset massUphill, less steep4.9~2.413
Uphill, less steep, on an angle5.7~3.6195

Sand turns, figure-8

4.5~2.413
Sand turns, on-the-spot turns6.8~3.6195
Flat terrain3.8~1.2065
Stairs> 4.5~2.413
Offset, 5/6 motorsUphill, less steep4.3*~1.2065

Data Analysis and Gearing Calculations

Actuator Candidates

  • Note: since the rated specs define the end of the continuous region, the gear ratios were determined based on values 10% less than the rated values
NamePrice (USD)Rated Cont. Torque (Nm)Rated Cont. Speed (RPM)Rated Cont. Current (A)Rated Output Power (W)Gearbox SuggestionMass/Dims

Lin Engineering, BL23E48-02-Y20-A0-B12F

$149.80 (10 available!)

0.43


4000

4.5180

XTRUE Gearhead, 40:1 planetary, 60mm frame

  • 1.41 m/s at max loading

PE-W-050-025G planetary gearbox, 25:1

  • Customizable frame sizes?

GP56-S2-43-SR planetary gearbox, 42.63:1 → possibly pairs?

Motor specs:

  • 121.50 mm in motor length
  • 56.20 x 56.20 mm profile 
  • 1.70 kg
Nanotec, DB59L048035-A$156.50 (3 in stock, more available after Oct. 5)0.4735005.33172

GP56-S2-43-SR planetary gearbox, 42.63:1 ($189.50/each)

  • 87% efficiency
  • 1.12 m/s at max loading
  • 5 available in stock....



Motor specs:

  • 73.66 mm in motor length
  • 56.60 x 56.60 mm profile

Gearbox specs:

  • 61.72 mm in length