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Why are washers used?

• To distribute the pressure of the bolt/nut evenly over the surface, so that the surface isn't damaged
• Lock washers secure fasteners that tend to rotate or lose friction
• Allows for a smooth surface to the screw to slide against as it is installed to make installation easier and more secure

Some standard washer types:

• Flat Washer

  • A flat washer, used to distribute load

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• Fender Washer

  • An oversize flat washer used to distribute load especially on soft materials.

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• Slip Lock Washer

  • The most common style of washer
  • Used to prevent nuts and bolt from backing out

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• Internal Tooth Lock Washer

  • A washer with internal "teeth"
  • Used to prevent nuts and bolts from backing out 

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• External Tooth Lock Washer
  • A washer with external "teeth"
  • Used to prevent nuts and bolts from backing out

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• Finishing Washer
  
  • A washer used to obtain a "finished" look. Usually used with oval head screws.

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• Ogee
  
  • Thick, large diameter, cast iron washers with a curved or sculpted appearance.
  • Commonly used in dock or wood construction

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Standard Nut Types

• Hex nut
  
  • A six-sided nut.
  • Most commonly used .

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• Slotted/Castle Nut
  
  • Slotted nuts are used in conjunction with a cotter/split pin on the drilled bolt to prevent loosening.

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• Wing Nuts
  • One pick nut with two wings-180° apart.
  • Used in low torque applications that require frequent adjustments.

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• Nylon Insert Lock Nut
  • A nut with a nylon insert to prevent backing off.
  • Also referred to as a "Nylock".
    

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• Coupling Nut
  
  • Longer than usual nuts.
  • Connects pieces of threaded rods or other male fasteners.

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• Jam Nut
  
  • A hex nut with a reduced height.

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• Tee Nut
  • A nut designed to be driven into wood to create a threaded hole.

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• K-Lock or Kep Nut
  • A nut with an attached free-spinning external tooth lockwasher.

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