A research-focused cover letter can contain 2-3 paragraphs about your research. The goal of the research paragraphs is to define your research, demonstrate your past and current research contributions and detail future research plans. While this may appear like a research statement, remember a cover letter summarizes other application materials.

Below is a guideline for writing a research-focused position cover letter. These sections may vary according to the job posting, so use your best judgement when referring to this guide.

• Introduction: In your introduction, identify the position you're applying for, who you are, what your research expertise is and how your experiences and skills can contribute to the department.

• P1 Research Overview: Define your research and who you are as a researcher in relation to how it suits the University/department. What is your research expertise? How does it contribute to the field related to the job? List the number of relevant publications and name those publications and where they were published. You may even include articles you are submitting or have submitted and are currently under review. List any awards and the value of those awards.

• P2 Current Research: You may include a paragraph on your dissertation if you are working on it or recently defended it and completed the PhD but avoid letting it dominate the entire letter. The importance of this paragraph should detail the significant contribution your dissertation makes in your discipline and what intellectually and/or technologically innovative methods you have used to complete it. Approaching your dissertation in this manner focuses on its current achievements and its future impact.

• P3 Future Research: What current and future projects are you working on? You want to show the committee that you have a research plan, so indicate what kinds of research you plan on doing. If you are turning your dissertation into a book, mention this and the tentative book title. Indicate papers that you plan on publishing based on current research and how these papers may develop into future research or even another manuscript.

• P4 Teaching: How does your research inform your teaching? State your pedagogical values and give concrete examples of activities/assignments you have created. State your ability/interest in courses that you'll be applying to teach at the university.

• Depending on the situation/job posting, you can include two teaching paragraphs: one focused on past teaching experiences and the second on future teaching possibilities. The past experiences paragraph showcases relevant content you have taught and the kinds of activities/assignments you have assigned. The future teaching possibilities paragraph can state which courses you can teach at the institution (based on your research), you can also propose possible specialty courses to be offered in undergrad and graduate curriculum. Some jobs may require you to be involved in a curriculum (re)design, so the second teaching paragraph can be impactful.

• P5 Service:  Speak to the kinds of service you can offer for the department that are listed in the job description. Such as serving on committees, mentoring graduate students and contributing to certain curricula and/or labs are notable. Even if the job description does not mention service, it may be advantageous to include a paragraph detailing research-related service.

• Conclusion: Summarize the information you have stated above and connect it to the department and/or university's goal(s) or mission statements. Note that you look forward to meeting the hiring committee for an interview.

Read the job posting carefully and find out what the advertised role will entail. If there is no indication that you will be teaching, you still might include a paragraph that describes your teaching in terms of supervision, mentorship and service. As a research-focused assistant professor position, you will have to supervise students and serve on committees.

Below is a guideline for writing a teaching-focused position cover letter. The sections of the letter may vary according to the job posting, so use your best judgement when referring to this guide. Introduction: In your introduction, identify the position you're applying for, who you are,what your teaching expertise is and how your experiences and skills can contribute to the department.

• P1 Pedagogical Statement: The first body paragraph should state your pedagogical values, the areas you can teach in and your overall teaching experience. You can view this paragraph as summarizing your teaching statement or philosophy of teaching statement.

• P2 Current/Past Teaching Experiences: This paragraph can detail your past teaching experiences. Include relevant course content (avoid course codes) that you would be teaching at the institution you are applying to, as well as how you have taught those courses. Include how you design courses, what assignments and activities you incorporate and why you approach your courses in this pedagogical way.

• P3 Future Teaching Experiences: Outline what you will bring to the department and the courses they offer. Name the courses you can teach and address other duties outlined in the job description that you can perform. You may prefer to combine the past and future teaching paragraphs together if, say, you don't have as much past or relevant teaching experience, or if you feel that this combined approach is better. You also can combine the pedagogy paragraph with past/current teaching paragraph if you feel there is too much overlap or repetition in creating two separate paragraphs.

• P4 Research: You may include a paragraph about your research. If the position does not expect you to do research, be sure that you frame your research through a pedagogical lens: "My research in X informs my teaching in this way." Or, that your research makes you the expert to teach the courses you plan on teaching. If the position expects you to do research, focus on your current and future research plans.

• P5 Service: Speak to the kinds of service you can offer for the department that are listed in the job description. Such as serving on committees, mentoring teaching assistants and contributing to certain curricula is notable. Even if the job description does not mention service, it may be advantageous to include a paragraph detailing teaching-related service.

• Conclusion: Summarize the information you have stated above and connect it to the department and/or university's goal(s) or mission statements. Note that you look forward to meeting the hiring committee for an interview.

The contents of a post-doc position vary from position to position. Typically, post-docs are research positions, but they also might involve teaching and service. You may use research-focused positions as a guide to construct your letter.

However, you may want to include a paragraph focused on why you are applying for that postdoc position. What does this university have to offer you for doing further/future research, and how can you contribute to that university's research output in that area? Why do you want to work under the supervision of X supervisor?

Otherwise, read the postdoc position carefully to determine which paragraphs to include and what kind of information to disclose.