Rupture Disc

A rupture disc is a small, thin device that acts as a fail-safe in the event of an unexpected rise in pressure within a system. They are small disc shapes typically made of plastic or metal, which burst in the event of a pressure change that is considered by the manufacturer and user to be too much for a system to handle. Rather than having a large swathe of pressure and temperature damage equipment, processes, or harm people, the rupture disc bursts and diverts the pressure away to prevent such damage. The disk itself is held in a disc holder, which contains information about the manufacturer, size, material, pressure at which rupture occurs, among other details. [2]

Rupture discs can be used anywhere a subversion of pressure or pressure relief is needed. They typically can be used as a primary relief system and a secondary relief system, but have other functions as well.

Primary Relief

When used for primary relief, the rupture disc is the only alleviation of pressure in the system. This means there is no other solution of pressure diversion to aid the system in the event of catastrophe. It must be replaced afterwards with another type of rupture disc, which can mean that while other technology doesn't have to be used during day to day operation, no flow can occur until the disc is fully replaced.

Secondary Relief

Secondary relief means that the rupture disc's use is supplemental to another form of pressure relief, like a relief valve. Considered in more massive-scale failures, the rupture disc diverts some flow away from a relief valve if even it is becoming overloaded through the course of the catastrophe.

In Series with Other Relief Systems

Similar to secondary relief, this system implements the use of both a relief valve, or other solution, with a rupture disc. The difference between this system and secondary relief is that rather than diverting the flow away from the valve, it leads the flow of pressure to the valve to be processed. This is done to prevent material that could corrode or wear away on the valve from reaching the valve until necessary.

In all the cases, it is imperative that no flow path of pressure leads to important machinery, equipment, or utilities like emergency exits. The space of flow after a rupture disc bursts should be a cleanable and stable location. [2]

Rupture discs are commonly made with metal, graphite, plastic, or polymer materials. The choice of material is dependent on factors including but not limited to temperature, pressure, risk, or cost. [4]