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What are Relief Valves?

A relief valve  is a type of safety valve designed to open at a preset pressure, and discharge fluid until pressure drops to acceptable levels [1]. The valve's release of elevated liquid, gas, or steam pressures acts to prevent damage to the system. 

Operation

Relief valves are comprised of three main elements:

1. Valve element - typically a spring loaded poppet valve. [1]
2. Sensing element, typically a diaphragm or piston.[1]
3. Reference force element.  Most commonly a spring. [1]

Catalogue: https://www.grainger.com/category/plumbing/plumbing-valves/pressure-and-temperature-control-valves/relief-valves