Characteristics of Columns
Parts of a Column
The base of a column can be referred to as the base or pedestal, and the largest part of the column is the shaft. Above the shaft is the capital where the column connects with the ceiling or the spanning structure above. [3]
Load Distribution
Columns have a largely simple load path, where the load of the structure above the column flows down vertically into the shaft and disperses through the base and the ground. The flow causes columns to act in compression unilaterally, with the only direction of force going downward unless there is a structural error. [4]
Types of Columns
Columns are distinguished from one another by their purpose and style. Structural columns of the modern day can have simple rectangular prism shapes to suit a completely non-aesthetic need, the type you may find in a parking garage. There are various different types of structural column that differ in their material and purpose, but each are tasked with carrying a load path into the foundation of the structure. For example, steel columns may be used when there are few cost restrictions to a building, or braced columns can assist in the load bearing capacity of a building. [5]
Stylistic columns can appear reminiscent of columns of different historic orders of column, like those found in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Further discussion of the evolution of styles of columns can be found in The Column History of Columns. [6]